Loom for weaving pile fabrics.



PATENTBD MAR. '20, 190s. w..0. -GRM a W. M0KBNZ1E. 4 LOOMl PoR WBAV'ING PILE FABRICS.

APPLICATION' FILED JAN. 23, 1906. I y 5 SHEETS-annum 1K.

E IlLNIIIIII Wl Illlllllill PATBNTB'D MAR. 20,'1005. 'Wg 0.0515155 W. MQKENZIE. 0 LOOM FR WBAVING PILE FABRICS. -APPLIGATION FILED 1015.23, 1905.

5 snnnsmm 2.

'110. 815,526. PATBNTEn-MAR-20;1906.

W. c. GRAY & W. MGKENZIE.

"LOOM PoR WEAVING PILE PABRlcs. APPLICATION FILED JAN. 23, 1905.

lllmlfn I 5 SHEETS-SHEET a.

v PATBNTBD MAR. '20, 1906. W10.l GRAY`& lv\r".f1sfoK1-:N l LooM PoR WEAVING PILE FABRICS.

ZIE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 23, 1905.

5 sHBETs-SHEM 4,

v im

. invented certain new-and useful Improve'- ff UNITED s'rATns PArEN-T cierren WILLIAM o. (naar ANDA wiLLrAii MKENZIE, or AYE, SCOTLAND.

. Loom Fon wEAVljNG.' PILE FABr-ncs.

Specification ofjt Letters Patent.

Patented Maron 20, 1906.

Application filed January Zj, 1905. Serial No. 242,233. l

To all w/wm it may concern: j

`Be it known that "we7 WILLIAM CRAWFQRD GRAY andWrLLrAM MCKENZIE, 'subjects of King EdwardVII: of Great Britain, residing at Ayr, in the county of Ayr, Scotland, have j mentsin Looms for Weaving Pile Fabrics, of j which the following is aspecification.

The present inventionrelates to new and improved means forweaving pile fabrics; and' in general terms it consistsof means for forming they pile `of the weft-throadsl passed over f pile-wires, which are manipulated by'certain devicesjas will'be hereinafter set forth; and it further consists of the parts and combina-f 'tions to be hereinafter described, and deii-` tapestry, velvet, and the like-have been produced in well-knowniway lbymeans of aVi print'ed'warpon thebeam, or in the case lof- Wilton""fabrics bywarp carried from various'bobbin-frames at the back of the loom orin the'manner adopted in' weaving chenille or aX'min'ster ('iarpets.v In all these methods the'seamless pile carpets or fabrics are'produc'ed with difiinilty and at considerable expense, either by reason of the printin l of'the'warp-yarns orthe'number of colore threads required to be brought from the back ofthe vloo'mand the amount of space this occupies and the loss of'time incurred inchangin the colors' of the warp-threads.

lncarrying out our invention we form the loops and produce the desired pattern' or design'by means of the weft, which is carried fromside" to lside of the loom by the shuttle in the usualway, any ordinary jacquard and 'loom' ofthe desired widthand warp-'wound on a `'nglebe'am only oron av double beam, if required,`being used. 1

In forming the pile --loops from colored weft to' give' the pattern or design we produce a `carpetor pile fabric on an entirely new principle of weave, whichwhile forming the loop ofthe pilley binds itiirmly into the Y fabric,by'which means a saving'of time and expense in changing' the ycolors for various de.

ricseXpeditedi v vIn ordey toform the loops or pile from weft-yarn and to produce the` desired pattern or design las calledV for` bythe jacquard or patterdmeohanism, we employ a series of wires 'extending longitudinally in the 4direcof: thewarp andadapted to rest in their I lower inoperative position in grooves or waysin the lay between each dent of the reed, the said wires being elevated as called forby the pattern-indicating mechanism lto form the loops by any suitable means.-

In the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, Figure lisa transi verse sectional elevation of a pile-fabric loom embodying our improvements, the weft-pile or loop-forming wires being vshown -in their` highest position. Fig. 2 is a rearjelevation of the right-hand portion ofv the loom illustrated at Fig. l some of the partsshown in F ig'. libeing omitted. Fig. 3v is a detachedelevation of the means for releasing the pile wires required to be brought into position for formintheloops as determined by the patterncator mechanism. Fig. 4 is a plan view of the rear of the loom, showing the mechanism for driving the endless chain intermittently in the direction ofthe traverse of the shuttle to elevatev the pilewires to form the loops, the 'said pile-wires and connections 'being omitted. Fig. 5 is an enlarged elevation of the pile wires and connections detached. Fig. 5a shows a modification of the means for actuating the loop-forming wires; Fig. 6 is a plan view of the parts shown in Fig. `5. Fig. 7 is a detail showing the loops formed by the weft. Fig; S is a side elevation of: a section of the endless traveling chain employed.

Fig9 is an elevation of the means for stopping the loom after every pick and preventing further operation thereof until the loops are formed from the last shootof weft inserted. Fig. 10 is a plan view of the parts shown in Fig. 9, and Fig. 11 Vis a plan view of a portion thereof detached.

Referring to the drawings, letter A denotes the end or side frames of the loom, Bl the breast-beam, Cthe crank-shaft, and D `D the picking-shafts, oneA at each side of the loom, all as ordinary.

According to our invention, the gist of which is in the formation of thejpile or pileloops from the weft, as distinguished from the production of pile-loops from the warps,

we employ a series of pile-wiresa., extending longitudinally in the direction of the warp E and pivotally connected at their front ends to plates a vsecured within an adjustable casing a secured by screws and nuts to brackets am on the ends'of the breast-beam, the screws passing through elongated slots in the brackets, and the casing a". being adjusted to or ffOm the loom by setting-up screws7 as @ff/f' The rear or free ends of the pile-wires pass through the dents ofthe reed on the lay, (not shown,) and when in their lowest positions they rest below the shuttle-race, so as to lie clear of the shuttle in its traverse through the shed.

To the free ends of the pile-wires are attached one end of cords b, whose opposite ends are secured to wires c, secured to or formed integral with disks or plates c, pivotally mounted on a cross-shaft c, supported in bearings in brackets bolted to the loomframing, the rear ends of the said disks or i plates being sufliciently extended to the rear of the shaft c to form guides for each other and prevent one plate or disk catching on an adjacent disk.

In conjunction with each wire c is a catch d, pivotally mounted on a cross-shaft e, secured at each end in a frame e, having an upand-down vertical motion imparted to it by connector e, from any suitable moving part of the jacquard, (not shown,) so as to move in unison with the said jacquard, the ends of shaft e entering grooves or ways in iixed brackets f, and steadying and guiding the frame.

Each catch d has a horizontal member d', extending rearwardly, to the free end of which is attached one end of a spring d whose opposite end is secured to a pin projecting fiom a cross-rod e", forming a part of the risingand-falling frame e said spring maintaining its respective catch d in a substantially perpendicular or operative position and 'causing the hooked portion or shoulder d" thereon to pass under and engage with a pin g on the respective wire c when the latter is elevated to a predetermined height by the action of the endless chain 7L, as hereinafter described.

At a suitable height above the cross-shaft e is a cross-shaft i, journaled in bearings in framework i', secured to brackets attached to the cross-girth A', and on said shaft i are secured arms i one at each end of the shaft, the lower ends of the arms carrying a spindle j, upon which are loosely mounted a series of fingers j', one for each of the catches d, said fingers y" being connected by cords le or like connections with the needles of the jacquard, so that according to the indication of the pattern-surface the said fingers j will be raised, or allowed to fall, or remain in their lowest position. To the crossshaft i is secured a lever-arm j, Fig. 3, to whose free end is connected one end of a rod Z, the opposite end of saidv rod being provided with an elongated slot, lin which is secured a stud projecting from a lever-arm m, carrying a bowl m', rest- 'ing upon a cam m, fast on the crank-shaft C, and maintained in contact with said cam by a` spring confined between the uide-plate Z and a collar l, fast on the rod At every revolution of the cam m an upto the rod l, which, through arm j", rocks the cross-shaft i and by the connecting-arms i moves the spindle from the position shown in full line in Fig. 5 to that shown in dotted line and back again, whereby an intermittent forward movement is given to the whole of the fingers j.

In order to raise the pile-wires a from the lower plane of the shed to form the loops of weft-pile, we employ an endless traveling chain h, passing around chain-wheels n o, mounted on short shafts n o', arranged one at each side of the loom in a suitable position between each edge of the warp and the respective side frames A. The shafts n o carry pinions n o, which mesh with respective gear-wheels p g', mounted on sleeves on shafts p g, which are driven constantly in opposite directions by straps from an overhead pulley or pulleys passing around the pulleys p g, fast on said shafts, one of the straps being crossed and the other straight.

On each shaft p g are sliding and fixed clutch members of any suitable construction, which are engaged and disengaged by connections from the picking-shafts, or by separate vchain-pulleys and lifting-levers similar to box motions in an ordinary Jacquard loom, in order that one or other of the chainwheels shall be driven to traverse the chain across the loom in the same direction as that in which the shuttle is thrown, this direction vof traverse of the chain therefore being determined by the picking motion.

On the picking-shafts D D are secured arms Dl D", carryin studs or bowls which at each actuation o said picking shafts strike against respective lever-arms 1^ s', fast on rocking shafts r s, and rock said shafts in their bearings. The said shafts when thus rocked act throu h levers 1^ s, fast thereon, to draw down t e connectors r" 3', and thereby rock supplementary shafts tu in the same direction. The movement of the shafts t u is transmitted, through levers and connecting-rods t u', to lever t u, mounted loosely on the axes n o', and from thence, by connecting-rods t" u", across the loom to levers tm um', mounted loosely on the axes o n', respectively. The action of the chain-drive is as follows: If the picking-shaft D is actuated to pick the shuttle from that side of the loom, the shafts r t are rocked by the levers and connections and the connecting-rod t" is drawn endwise in the direction of arrow 2, thereby Withdrawing the end ofv lever tm from engagement with a notch in the finger on the sliding clutch member v on shaft g, whereupon the spring t immediately forces the sliding clutch member endwise on its shaft and brings the finger thereon into the path of the lugs on the fast clutch member o, as shown at the upper end of Fig. 4. The sleeve carry- IOO IIO

.65 ward-and-downward movement is imparted i ing the spur-wheel g is by this means ro- 13o tatably secured' to the driven shaft g, and

aimee', j

*f v motion is therefore communicated,lthrough pinion o, tol the chain -;wheel.o, which isV rotated in the direction of arrow 3,V thus traversing the chain h -across'the loom in the same direction, which is that in Awhich the vshuttle vhas been thrown by the actuating of the picking-shaft The same action takes place when' the picking-shaft D/ is. actuated, the respective rock-shafts s u being" thereby rocked and through'levers and connections drawing the connecting-'rod 'um inthe direction of arrow 4 `to bring about engagement of. 'the clutch members on shaft p, and thereby v drive thechain-wheel-n in the direction of arrow 5 to traverse the chain in the contrary direction to thatlast traversed. The chain 'is thus always traversed inthe samedirection 'as the throw of the shuttleand is' entirelyunder thecontrol of the picking motion,-

and therefore positive and certain inaction.

The levers 15 and umare. reinstated in their normal positions to disengage Vthe clutch members after each actuation of the respective picking-motions by strong springs tm attached at one endto the levers and'at the o posite` ends to fixed studs. The endless ciiain in this instance is provided at one or two points .of its length with a seriesof links having their upper edges inclined 'to -Wform when joined together inclinedplanes leading to and from a central link, such as h,

Fig. 8, provided with friction-bowls h. The disks or plates c Vor the wires c rest u on thev chain h, and as the inclined links are rought under said wires in the' traverse ofthe chain to right or 4left the wires c, of which there are as many as there are loops to be formed across the fabric,l are gradually raised in succession until they rest upon the bowls h, at

' which point the studs or pins g are engaged by the .shouldersor of a hooked portions the catches d. n a f t The'traverse of the chain commences after the shuttle has been thrown across the loom,

andthcrefore the forming ofthe loops, or a greater portion `of them, takesplace while the shuttle is in the box, the raising of thepile- Vwires a by the elevation of the wires c by the chain drawing the requisite VVlength of weft*AV 'from lthe shuttle to aform `each individual loop, and as the pile-wires are raised one after the other there is no undue strain placed upon the weft drawing offrthe bobbin inthe shuttle'. The lifting of the .pile-wires V'may' be commenced immediately vafter the-` l shuttle leaves the box fromwhich it thrown. lWhen `the shuttle has beenthrown across Athe loom', theloom is automatically stopped at every revolution, as afterward described,

to allow of theloops being formed, and when,l

' this is accomplished the loom self-actingly starts again andbeatsup the last shoot ofv weft and inserts another pick.

VAfter the wires c have been elevated to their first position by the chain to engage they pins -gwith the catches d theframe e is raised -bodily by the jacquard from the dotl ted-.line to full-lineposition in Fig. 5 and elevates the wires c, and with themthe pilewires a, to place the latter in or above the upper llane of the shed. v

- T e pile-wireswhich are not reqiuired by the attern or design to beactuate to form .the oops of weft are by theiindication of the pattern-surface allowed to remain in the upper lane of the shed by the non-actuation of t e erative Vposition by the catches d, which revmain in engagement with the pins g on the wires c; but the pile-wires a, which are required to form theloops of weft'at the next pick, are indicated upon by the elevation of the iingers y" by the cords nfrom the needles "of the jacquard, and whilev in their elevated positionthe rocking of the spindle y' in a forward direction bringsthe lugs j on said iingers into engagement with 'the inclined or ers y, bein retained and heldin ino g g P cam ysurfaces dm on the catches d, whereby 'I said catches 'are forced oif the pins g and thewires c and pile-wires a allowed to descend to their lowest ositions, with the pile-wires in .or below the ottom plane of the shed, whereby the next shoot of weft is carriedover'said pile-wires and subsequently drawn up into loops by the raising of the pile-wires, as be-l fore described.

Light springs connected to the ends of eachl IOO pile ascalledfor bythe j ac uardl Or-pat'tern `mechanism and that weft o `different colors can also be employed in the production of the desi n or pattern.

with two lifting-surfaces, so that if a shuttle is or more times in succession, necessitatingthe chaintraveling the same number of times in the same direction, there will always-bev a lifting-surface in position at both sides of the loom to act with Jthe traverse of the chain. 'The chain may have lugs thereon instead of inclined surfaces and friction-bowls to raise thewires c.

' The plates a',1 to which the pile-wires are e endless chain is or may be provided i sent across from the same side of the loom two pivoted, are provided on the upper surfaces with knife-edges to sever the loops of pile as they are forced onto same.

An alternative method of operating the loop-forming wires a is shown in Fig. 5a. In this arrangement the wires a are connected to looped or slotted connectors a", operated direct from the jacquard. The wires c pass through the loops or openings in the connec tors a" and are provided with hooks or catches ed, adapted to be engaged by the catches cC on the tumbler or angle-levers c, pivoted loosely on the cross-rod cb. The wires c are normally held in their raised position by springs ce, attached to the plates c and to the levers cf, fast on the transverse 'shaft c. Projections ch on said levers cf limit the upward movement of the wires c.

The wires c are all depressed for every pick of the loom by the transvere rod cg, reciprocated vertically by suitable connections from the crank-shaft or other source of motion.

In the operation of the parts the jacquard lifts the wires a (not required) clear `of the shed, and the wires c are depressed by the rod cg. The operation of the chain 7L on the angle-levers ca then moves said levers clear of the catches cd on the wires c and allows the springs ce to draw them up, one after the other, across the loom. The wires a,- which by the selection of the jacquard have been left down, will thus be raised through the shed, as previously described, and form loops of the weft. The wires a, which by the selection of the jacquard have been raised up clear of the shed, are through the loops in the connectors a not affected by the upward movement of the wires c.

In order to self-actingly start and stop the loom, we mount on the sleeve carrying, say, the spur-wheel q or on the boss of said wheel a cam w, on which rides a bowl fw', carried by a lever w, Fi s. 2 and 4, which is connected by links and evers to a vertically-movable rod w", (see Figs. 9, 10, and 11,) having at its lower end a hook or catch which normally extends under a stud on a barrel carried by bracket from any part of the framing. When thesaid rod is lifted by the action of the cam, it engages a stud on the barrel and turns the latter a quarter of a revolution, one of the extensions tc on the barrel-bearing against the spring-actuated lever x and moving it outwardly on its fulcrum, whereby the shoulder ccm thereon is moved clear of a stop-piece y, fast on a boss y, secured on the low shaft F of the loom, and at the same time the lower end of said lever releases the sliding bolt y, which is thereupon forced by a spring or other means into the path of a lug on the driven bevel y, loose on said shaft, and the shaft F and wheel yN are thus secured rotatively together and the loom started.

Excess movement of the barrel a: is prevented by means of a sprin actuated finger 90, which bears upon a f at on a boss or flange fast on the stud carrying the barrel.

When the loom has completed a revolution, the lever which has been returned to normal position by the fiat spring acting thereon, engages at its lower end wit 1 an inclined face on the sliding bolt y and forces said bolt inward and out of engagement with the bevel driving-wheel ym, the rotation of the loom being stopped by the engagement of the shoulder 00 on the lever as with a cushioning lever or finger e, which is forced inward against the fixed stop-piece y on the boss y', against the action of the spring, which thus absorbs the momentum and prevents a sudden shock in stopping.

It will be understood that changes may be made in the character of' the means for raising the pile-wires or in the number of chains employed, such changes being` within the spirit of the present invention.

We do not confine ourselves to the precise details of construction and arrangement of the parts hereinbefore set forth, as variations or modifications may be made without departing from the principle of our invention.

Our improvements may be applied to any make of loom suited for the weaving of pile fabrics.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In looms for weaving pile fabrics, the combination of vpileewires such as a for elevating or raising the weft into loops, pivotallymounted wires c, an endless chain caused to travel in the same direction as the shuttle by means controlled by the picking mechanism, or by separate chain-pulleys and levers, said chain having projecting surfaces thereon to raise the wires c and therefore the pile-wires singly in succession from side to side of the loom, catches such as d pivotally mounted in a risingand-falling frame, and pivotallymounted fingers j connected with the jacquard-needles or parts acted upon by the pattern-surface to determine the disengagement of the wires c with the catches (Z according to the pattern or design being woven, all arranged and acting in the manner and for the purposes substantially as herein set forth.

2. In a loom, the combination with means for determining the release of the pile-wires a prior to the insertion of each pick to allow them to occupy a position in readiness to elevate the weft-thread and for raising said pilewires to formloops of weftin the fabric, of the chain h, for controlling the action of the pilewires, and means described for traversing the chain L in the same direction as that in which the shuttle has last been thrown,substantially as herein shown and described and for purposes specified.

3. In a loom, the combination of mechan- IOC ism substantially as shown and described for forming pile-loops successively from one side of the loom to the other, and means for automatically stopping the loom after each pas- 5 sage of the shuttle until the Whole series of pileloops have been successivelyformed across the yWidthof the fabric, substantially as described. 4. In a-loorn for Weaving pile fabrics, the

combination of pile-Wires extending in thev redirection ofthe Warp, means for inserting a weft-thread above certain of said pile-Wires, and devices for thereafter raising said pile- Wires to draW weft-thread from the Weft-inserting means in the formation of the pile- 15 loops.

z 5 6. In a loom for' Weaving pile fabrics, the

combination of longitudinal pile-Wires, means for maintaining selected Wires in a raised po- 'l sition and permitting others, which are to form the pile-loops, to be in depressedA posi- 3o tion, means for inserting a'Weft-thread above the depressed `Wires, and devices for thereafter raising the depressed Wires todraw Weftthread from the weft-inserting means in the formation of pile-loops.

v, 3 5 7.. In a loom for Weaving'pile fabrics, the

combination of longitudinal pile-Wires, 'means for laying a weft-thread above certain of said Wires, devices for raisin said pile-Wires to dravsT weft from the 'We t-inserting means,

4o and devices for stopping and starting the loom automatically after each insertion of the Weft.

8. In a loom for Weaving pile fabrics, the

5.v Ina loom forweaving pile fabrics, the

ri QL) combination of longitudinal pile-Wires means for laying a weft-thread above certain of said Wiresdevices for automatically stopping and starting the-loom after each insertion lof the Weft, vmeans for successively raising the pile- Wires from one to the other side of the loom to draw weft from the Weft-insertin means inthe formation of the pile-loops WA ile the loom is stopped.

9. In a loom for Weaving pile fabrics,'the. combination of lon itudinal' ile-Wires, means for picking a shuttle across t e loom, devices and means for operatin the same inthe di- 55 rection of the last shutt emovement for successively raising the pile-Wires from one side of the loom to the other in the formation ofthe pile-loo s. A i

10. vIn a lbom'for Weaving pile fabrics,the combination of longitudinal pile-Wires, means for picking a -shuttle across the loom, and a chain having a portion movable in the direction of the shuttle for raising the pile-Wires vin the formation of the pile-loops. 65 l 11.' Ina loom for Weaving pile fabrics, the

. combination of longitudinal pi e-Wires, means for picking a shuttle across the loom7 and a lchain having a portion movable in the direction of the shuttle for raising the pile-Wires in 7o the formation of thepile-loops, and means for automatically stopping and starting the loom after each pick. f Y

In testimony whereof We afEX our si gnatures, in presence of tWoWitnesses, as follows: 7 5

WILLIAM o. GRAY. IL. SLI, WILLIAM MGIIENZIE. IL. s]

Witnesses asto William C. Gray: v

FRANK FINDLAY MoFADZEAN,

JAs. MoRRIs. Witnesses as to William McKenzie:

THoMAs `H. BARRON,` ERNEST BosTWIoK. 

